List of cancer clusters

This is a list of cancer clusters. A cancer cluster is a statistical event, which may or may not have a cause other than chance. There are other cancer clusters that occur without any obvious source of carcinogens.

North America
Date Disease Location Number Source Refs
1917–1927 Osteosarcoma New Jersey, Connecticut, Illinois 86 Radium [1][2]
1938–1971 Adenocarcinoma U.S.A. 750 diethylstilbestrol [3][4]
1963–1999 Lung cancer, Mesothelioma Libby, Montana 56 vermiculite [5]
1967–1973 Liver angiosarcoma (Hemangiosarcoma) Louisville, Kentucky 4 vinyl chloride monomer [6]
1968–1995 Leukemia, Lymphoma Camp Lejeune, North Carolina (see Camp Lejeune water contamination) 103 trichloroethylene
1,2-dichloroethylene
tetrachloroethylene
methylene chloride
vinyl chloride		 [7]
1973–1982 Brain, CNS cancer Cooke County, Texas 16-29 Unknown [8]
1979–1996 Brain, CNS cancer Toms River, New Jersey 90+ SAN trimer
styrene
acrylonitrile		 [9][10][11]
1981–1986 Leukemia Woburn, Massachusetts 21 Chloroform
Tetrachloroethylene
Trichloroethylene
1,2-Dichloroethene
Arsenic		 [12][13]
1982–1984 Testicular cancer Fulton County, New York 3 dimethylformamide (DMF)
2-ethoxyethanol
2-ethoxyethyl acetate
2-butoxyethanol
 [14]
1987–1999 Brain cancer, Leukemia, Lymphoma Wilmington, Massachusetts 20 Unknown
N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA)		 [15][16][17]
1997–2002 Leukemia, rhabdomyosarcoma Fallon, Nevada 17 Unknown
Tungsten
Arsenic
Chlorpyrifos
DDE
Benzene in jet fuel		 [18][19][20][21]
1996–2006 Leukemia, Brain Tumors, lymphoma, Other Forms Clyde, Ohio 35 Mostly Children Unknown [22]
1953–2010 wide range of cancers Shannon, Quebec 400 trichloroethylene [23][24]
Europe
Date Disease Location Number Source Refs
1968–1995 Leukemia Seascale, Sellafield, England 9 Unsure
studies indicate a correlation with paternal preconceptional irradiation (PPI)		 [25][26]
1978–1993 Leukemia La Hague, Normandy, France 27 Unknown
(speculated to be tritium)		 [27][28]
1990–2005 Leukemia Krümmel (Kruemmel), Elbmarsch, Germany 16 Unknown
(speculated to be actinide, especially Plutonium241 of unknown origin that was found in the area or tritium from a nearby nuclear power plant)		 [29][30]
India
Date Disease Location Number Source Refs
mid 1980s Skin Lesions, Arsenicosis West Bengal, India Unknown Arsenic [31]

Notes

  1. ^ Grady, Denise (Oct. 8, 1998). A Glow in the Dark, and a Lesson in Scientific Peril. The New York Times.
  2. ^ Thun, Michael J. Sinks, Thomas.(2004). What is a Cancer Cluster? CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians 54 (5), 273–280.
  3. ^ Jones, Lovell A. Hajek, Richard A. (1995). Effects of Estrogenic Chemicals on Development. Environmental Health Perspectives 103 (7), 63–67.
  4. ^ US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2005). Role of DES Cohort Studies. Retrieved Jan. 31, 2005.
  5. ^ McDonald, JC. Harris, J. Armstrong, B. (2004). Occupational and Environmental Medicine 61 (4), 363–366.
  6. ^ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. (Feb. 7, 1997). Epidemiologic Notes and Reports Angiosarcoma of the Liver Among Polyvinyl Chloride Workers -- Kentucky. 46 (5), 97–101.
  7. ^ US Department of Health and Human Services, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). (Jul. 2003). Survey of Childhood Cancers and Birth Defects at USMC Camp Lejeune. Retrieved Jan. 31, 2005
  8. ^ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. (August 24, 1984). Brain Cancer -- Texas 33 (33), 477–479.
  9. ^ US Environmental Protection Agency. (December 14th, 2004). CIBA-GEIGY CORP. Retrieved Jan. 31, 2005
  10. ^ New Jersey Department of Health and Senior Services, Hazardous Site Health Evaluation Program, Division of Epidemiology, Environmental and Occupational Health, & US Department of Health and Human Services, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). (Sep. 1997). Childhood Cancer Incidence Health Consultation: A Review and Analysis of Cancer Registry Data, 1979-1995 for Dover Township (Ocean County), New Jersey
  11. ^ NJDHSS, ATSDR. (Dec. 2001). Case-control Study of Childhood Cancers in Dover Township (Ocean County), New Jersey. Volume 1: Summary of the Final Technical Report PDF 134KB. See also: Dover Township Childhood Cancer Investigation. Retrieved Jan. 31, 2005.
  12. ^ Massachusetts Department of Public Health and Bureau of Environmental Health Assessment. (1997). BEHA Reports - Woburn, Massachusetts. Retrieved Jan. 31, 2005.
  13. ^ . Costas, K. Knorr, RS. Condon, SK. (Dec. 2, 2002). A case–control study of childhood leukemia in Woburn, Massachusetts: the relationship between leukemia incidence and exposure to public drinking water. Science of The Total Environment 300 (1-3), 23–35.
  14. ^ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. (Feb. 24, 1989). Epidemiologic Notes and Reports Testicular Cancer in Leather Workers -- Fulton County, New York 38 (7), 105–106, 111–114.
  15. ^ Massachusetts Department of Public Health. (2002). Wilmington Childhood Cancer Study. Bureau of Environmental Health Assessment. Retrieved Jan. 31, 2005.
  16. ^ Massachusetts Department of Public Health. (Aug. 2000). Letter to the Wilmington Board of Health. Evaluation of Cancer Incidence data for the Town of Wilmington, Massachusetts 1987-1995. Retrieved Jan. 31, 2005.
  17. ^ Lowell Center for Sustainable Production, University of Massachusetts Lowell. (2003). Toxic chemicals and childhood cancer: A review of the evidence. Retrieved Jan. 31, 2005.
  18. ^ National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2004). Cancer Clusters - Churchill County (Fallon), Nevada Exposure Assessment. Retrieved Jan. 31, 2005.
  19. ^ Steinmaus, C. Lu, M. Todd, RL. Smith, AH. (2004). Probability Estimates for the Unique Childhood Leukemia Cluster in Fallon, Nevada, and Risks Near Other U.S. Military Aviation Facilities. Environmental Health Perspectives 112 (6), 766–771 .
  20. ^ U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). Nevada. Retrieved Jan. 31, 2005.
  21. ^ Mullen Jr., Frank. (Feb. 27, 2005) Scientists zero in on tungsten as Fallon cancer cause. Reno Gazette-Journal.
  22. ^ Seewer,John Associated Press – Thu Dec 30, 2:56 pm ET. "Ohio child cancers confound parents, investigators Retrieved Dec. 31, 2010.
  23. ^ Quebec Town wants compensation over contaminated water
  24. ^ Eau contaminée de Shannon http://www.cyberpresse.ca/le-soleil/actualites/sante/201001/03/01-935834-eau-contaminee-de-shannon-le-nombre-de-maladies-repertoriees-augmente.php
  25. ^ Gardner, MJ. (1991). Father's occupational exposure to radiation and the raised level of childhood leukemia near the Sellafield nuclear plant. Environmental Health Perspectives 94, 5–7.
  26. ^ Dickinson, H. Parker, L. (2002). Leukaemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in children of male Sellafield radiation workers. International Journal of Cancer 99 (3), 437–444.
  27. ^ Pobel, D. Viel, JF. (1997). Case-control study of leukaemia among young people near La Hague nuclear reprocessing plant: the environmental hypothesis revisited. British Medical Journal 314 (101).
  28. ^ Seth, A. (1997) Leukemia Clusters Near La Hague and Sellafield. Institute for Energy and Environmental Research (4). Retrieved Jan. 31, 2005.
  29. ^ Hoffmann, W. Schmitz-Feuerhake, I. Dieckmann, Hayo (1997). A cluster of childhood leukemia near a nuclear reactor in Northern Germany. Archives Environ. Health 52 (1997) 275-280.
  30. ^ Brüske-Hohlfeld, I. et al. A cluster of childhood leukemias near two neighbouring nuclear installations in Northern Germany: prevalence of chromosomal aberrations in peripheral blood lymphocytes. Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 77 (2001) 111-116.
  31. ^ Comparison of dissolved and particulate arsenic distributions in shallow aquifers of Chakdaha, India, and Araihazar, Bangladesh [1]

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